Anti-homeless architecture refers to design elements and structures implemented in public spaces to discourage or prevent homeless individuals from using those spaces for shelter or rest. While the intent may be to address certain urban issues, these designs have been widely criticized for their inhumane and exclusionary nature. Some examples of anti-homeless architecture include:

1. Hostile Benches and Seats:
   • Designing benches with dividers, armrests, or uncomfortable materials to prevent people from lying down or sleeping.
2. Spikes and Studs:
   • Installing spikes, studs, or metal bars on flat surfaces such as ledges, window sills, or doorways to discourage people from sitting or sleeping in those areas.
3. Anti-Sleep Bollards:
   • Placing bollards with uneven or spiked surfaces in areas where people might seek a place to rest, making it uncomfortable or impossible to lie down.
4. Curved or Angled Surfaces:
   • Designing public spaces with curved or angled surfaces to prevent people from sitting or sleeping comfortably.
5. Water Sprinkler Systems:
   • Using timed water sprinkler systems in public spaces to deter individuals from occupying those areas during specific hours.
6. Restrictive Public Restrooms:
   • Implementing designs in public restrooms that discourage extended use, such as installing blue lights (which make it difficult to see veins for drug use) or placing time restrictions.
7. Anti-Loitering Signage:
   • Displaying signs that explicitly prohibit loitering or sitting in specific areas, accompanied by the threat of legal consequences.
8. Noise Emitting Devices:
   • Installing devices that emit loud or disruptive noises to deter individuals from lingering in certain spaces.
9. High-Frequency Alarms:
   • Using alarms that emit high-frequency sounds, often imperceptible to most adults, to discourage individuals from staying in a location.
10. Rolling Barriers:
    • Installing movable or rolling barriers that can be adjusted to prevent people from using certain spaces for shelter.

It’s important to note that anti-homeless architecture has faced significant criticism for its ethical implications. Critics argue that these measures do not address the root causes of homelessness and instead contribute to the marginalization and dehumanization of vulnerable populations. Many advocacy groups and individuals advocate for more compassionate and inclusive solutions, such as providing accessible shelter, affordable housing, and supportive services to address homelessness effectively.